The set described is { a, b, c, aa, ab ,ac, ba, bb, bc, ca, cb, cc} over |x| <= 2
and this set has cardinality 13 because there are 13 things in it
first time I learned about sets is in high school, 1965-69
of course college set theory is more complex (nowadays considered as a foundation of all other branches of math , and the mathematical science of the infinite), and not same as high school
it's not hard
here is one link for you, I think you will like it
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-hostos-introcollegemath/chapter/set-theory/
By the way, it is the set that has cardinality 13, not the statement!The set described is { a, b, c, aa, ab ,ac, ba, bb, bc, ca, cb, cc} over |x| <= 2
and this set has cardinality 13 because there are 13 things in it